Titanic, Tic Tacs And Trailers. It’s Fact Day.

May 26, 2015May 25, 2015 fasab Factoids, Unusual 0 sugar, abandoned, animal species, animals, archaeologists, beard, beard tax, bionic limbs, birds, birth, Bulgaria, carrying the child, children, climate change, combine harvester, corkscrew, days, declined, descendant of Genghis Khan, drought, education, emotionally attached, emotionally bonded, Entertainment, fact, Fact day, facts, famine, FDA, food, furnaces, Germany, great cities, humans, hypothesized, infant, information, inscription, interact, invaded, invader, Japan, JRR Tolkien’s estate, labeled, lawsuit, lay in ruins, light pollution, Lord of the Rings film trilogy, marketers, Mayan Empire, men, migration patterns, Mongol, mothers, movie, movie trailers, nights, oldest country in Europe, Oscar the cat, overpopulation, pay, Peter the Great, prior to birth, problems, reign, respond, Russia, scholars, scientists, serving, shovel coal, smile, Soviet, Soviet Union, spanish, studies, sugar, sugar free, Swiss Army Knife, Switzerland, Tic Tac, Tic Tacs, Titanic, tomb, tomb of Tamerlane, trailers, wombs

“Fight Against Stupidity And Bureaucracy”

Welcome to another fact day at the fasab blob.

Last one for May 2015. Time flying as always.

This selection includes facts about the Titanic Tic Tacs and trailers, and lots more.

Enjoy.

Light pollution usually doesn’t have a

significant impact on humans but it

causes major problems to many animals.

Birds often confuse days and nights and

scientists found out that light pollution can

change migration patterns in some animal species.

The Titanic was so big that 176 men were needed

just to shovel coal into its furnaces

Although Tic Tac’s claim to have 0 sugar,

they consist of nearly 98% sugar!

This is because the size per serving is

.49 grams and according to the FDA a food

cannot be labeled “sugar free” unless it

contains less than .5 grams of sugar per serving!

How sweet!

Bulgaria is the oldest country in Europe and

it hasn’t changed its name since 681 AD

When Soviet archaeologists opened the tomb

of Tamerlane, a Mongol descendant of Genghis Khan,

they found an inscription that read,

“Whoever opens my tomb will unleash

an invader more terrible than I.”

It was June 20 1941.

Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22.

The only part of a Swiss Army Knife not

made in Switzerland is the corkscrew.

It is made in Japan.

Mothers become emotionally attached to their

children prior to birth by the virtue of

carrying the child in their wombs.

According to some studies men won’t become

emotionally bonded to the child for several months

after birth when the infant begins to smile, respond,

and interact with him.

During Peter the Great’s reign in Russia

there was a beard tax which

anyone with a beard had to pay.

Nobody knows how the Mayan Empire declined.

Long before the Spanish came many of the great

cities had already been long abandoned and lay in ruins.

Scholars have hypothesized reasons ranging from

drought and famine to overpopulation and climate change.

JRR Tolkien’s estate only received $62,500

for the Lord of the Rings film trilogy

until a lawsuit was filed.

In June 2010 Oscar the cat received bionic limbs

to replace his original ones lost in an

accident with a combine harvester.

Movie trailers were so named because they

were originally designed to play AFTER the movie,

but when marketers realized that people don’t tend

to stick around when a movie has finished they

started to play them at the beginning of the main movie!

Here’s an example…

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Golf Balls, Planets and Satellites, Just Some Of Today’s Facts.

September 23, 2014September 14, 2014 fasab Factoids, Unusual Africa, America, asphalt, Austrian Hans Steininger, beard, Beat It video, black hole, brain, British Empire, Cadbury's chocolate bar, Captain Robert Scott, Carl Mays, Christie's, Cleveland Indians, code V over, collapse on itself, compress, cryptophasia, Discovery expedition to the Antarctic, Disney, earth, eating chocolate, Eddie Torres, education, Entertainment, fabulous facts, fact, Fact day, factoid, factoids, facts, failed to deploy, fasab fact day, fatally injured during a game, fatally wounding, fell, French Empire, game, golf balls, Greek word, historic date, Indians, information, launched, lead dancers, Leave it to Beaver, London, major league baseball player, marble, maximum weight for a golf ball, Michael Di Lorenzo, Michael Jackson, Misc, Miscellaneous, more active, most valuable chocolate bar, neutron star, New York Undercover, New York Yankees, parachutes, pitched a ball, planets, preeclampsia, pregnancy complication, pregnancy problems, random. Interesting, Ray Chapman, Russian satellite, satellites, scientific studies, second largest in the world, secret languages spoken by twins, Shayna Richardson, solo skydiving jump, song of the male goat, Southeast Asia, spoonful of matter, Sputnik 1, survived, theobromine, tragedy, tragodia, trivia, TV sitcom, vomit, world’s longest beard, Yankees

“Fight Against Stupidity And Bureaucracy”

Welcome to another fasab fact day.

Random as always, but hopefully interesting as well, here is the latest batch of facts.

Enjoy.

The maximum weight

for a golf ball is 1.62 oz.

On August 6, 1920 in a game between

the Cleveland Indians and the New York Yankees,

Carl Mays (Yankees) pitched a ball towards Ray Chapman (Indians)

that hit him on the head, fatally wounding him.

Chapman is the only major league baseball player

to be fatally injured during a game.

If you could compress the Earth down to the size of a marble

it would collapse on itself and become a black hole.

The most valuable chocolate bar in the world is a

Cadbury’s chocolate bar that’s over a 100-years old

and went on Captain Robert Scott’s first

Discovery expedition to the Antarctic.

The bar, which was 4 inches long,

wrapped and uneaten, was bought for $687 by

an anonymous buyer at Christie’s, London in 2001.

Your brain is actually more active

while you are sleeping.

In her first solo skydiving jump, Shayna Richardson’s

main and reserve parachutes failed to deploy

and she fell 10,000 feet at 50 mph towards the ground.

She slammed into the asphalt face-first,

shattering her skull and pelvis.

Miraculously, she survived.

Even more miraculously,

the baby she carried

(which she found out about at the hospital)

survived as well.

If you hear “code V” over a radio

in DIsney it means Vomit.

October 4, 1957 is an historic date to be remembered,

it is the day the Russian satellite Sputnik 1 was launched.

On the same day America launched

the TV sitcom ‘Leave it to Beaver’.

From the 19th to 20th century the French Empire

was the second largest in the world,

next to the British Empire,

extending to over 12 million square kilometers

and including territory in Africa and Southeast Asia.

Cryptophasia is the name given to

secret languages spoken by twins.

Austrian Hans Steininger was famous

for having the world’s longest beard.

One day there was a fire in town and being in a hurry

he forgot to role up his beard.

He accidentally stepped on it,

fell down, and broke his neck.

One spoonful of matter from a neutron star

would weigh about a billion tons.

According to new scientific studies,

eating chocolate can prevent pregnancy problems.

The chemical theobromine found in chocolate

may reduce preeclampsia, a major pregnancy complication.

Tragedy comes from the Greek word “tragodia”

which means “song of the male goat”.

Michael Di Lorenzo,

who plays Eddie Torres on New York Undercover

is one of the lead dancers in

Michael Jackson’s “Beat It” video.

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Did You Know? – Prepare To Increase Your Knowledge Base.

July 8, 2014July 7, 2014 fasab Factoids, Unusual American dollar, American frontier, arthritis, average Frenchman, average male, barge driver, beard, beavers, below freezing, bone, buck, build, Chernobyl disaster, China, coldest inhabited place on earth, concrete, cracking your knuckles, cubic inch, deer, deerskins, Did You Know, discovered the West Indies, Disney, eagles, education, Entertainment, fact, Fact day, facts, first explorers, general knowledge, golden Fast Passes, good luck charm, hacky-sack, hyper, information, invented, Knowledge Base, lapel, Latin love poem, los angeles, Misc, Miscellaneous, myth, Napoleon, Nevada, no traffic, Oymyakon, paint brushes, Pamphilus, pamphlet, passed from person to person, placebo effect, Qingdao Bridge, Random, red carnation, Reno, Russia, science, shaved, shot by an assassin, slang, Southeast Asia, state capitals, strong, sugar, sugar rush, taller, temperature, thriving populations, Tom Sawyer island, trivia, Turkey, unique wildlife sanctuaries, units of commerce, William McKinley, wolves, Yale University

“Fight Against Stupidity And Bureaucracy”

Welcome to another fact day and a list of very random things that certainly will increase your knowledge base, if you can remember them.

The only way to find out is to read on.

Enjoy.

The first explorers who discovered the West Indies

thought it was Southeast Asia.

At Disney there used to be paint brushes

hidden on Tom Sawyer island

and if you found one,

you could present it to the barge driver and

you and your party would get golden Fast Passes.

If the average male never shaved,

his beard would be 13 feet long when he died.

Sorry to bust a much believed myth,

but sugar does not actually make you hyper,

the whole idea of a “sugar rush” is not real,

in fact, according to recent science from Yale University

it’s all just a placebo effect.

Cracking your knuckles won’t lead to arthritis

The Chernobyl disaster region has become

one of the world’s most unique wildlife sanctuaries

with thriving populations of wolves, deer,

beavers, eagles, and other animals.

Pamphlet comes from the title of a Latin love poem called Pamphilus

that was supposedly passed from person to person

A cubic inch of bone is about

four times as strong as concrete.

The 8 lane, 26 mile long Qingdao Bridge in China

cost 14.8 billion yuan to build

but gets almost no traffic.

Napoleon was actually taller than the average Frenchman

Not only is Reno, Nevada, west of Los Angeles,

but so are six other state capitals.

William McKinley almost always wore

a red carnation on his lapel as a good luck charm.

While greeting a line of people in 1901,

he gave the flower to a little girl.

Seconds later, he was shot by an assassin,

and died eight days later.

Buck, the slang term for an American dollar

comes from the fact that on the American frontier

deerskins were used as units of commerce.

The coldest inhabited place on earth is Oymyakon, Russia,

where sometimes the temperature drops

below freezing in mid September and stays there until May.

The average temperature in January is -46 °C.

The village has a population of less than 500 people.

Hacky-sack was invented in Turkey.

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If It’s Monday It Must Be Quiz Day!

July 22, 2013July 4, 2013 fasab Questions, Tests 1918, Albert Einstein, America, atlantic, band, beard, birthday, Chicago, citizens, city, college days, comic strips, continent, country, cover of Cosmopolitan, difficult, difficult question, donuts, earth, easy, education, Entertainment, European country, false teeth, first ever registered domain name, former president, founder, genius, hibernation, hood ornament, hot and dry periods, http, Illinois, Indian, indicate swearing, Japanese, july 4th, killing, learned how to drive, located, male model, Misc, Miscellaneous, Name, never to sign a bill into law, O'Hare International Airport, outbreak, Pacific Ocean, People, per capita, Poopo, puzzle, puzzles, questions, quiz, quizzes, Random, Rolls Royce, skyscraper capital, sleeping, Snellen chart, Spanish Flu, start, summer, surname, symbols, tallest mountains, tens of millions, test, tests, three oceans, Titicaca, United States, US president, web URLs, winter, world, world famous company, world's largest hot desert, world’s leading exporter, ZZ Top

“Fight Against Stupidity And Bureaucracy”

Another chance to pit your wits against the fasab quiz archives with another random set of twenty questions.

Although there are one or two very easy ones, I think quite a lot of them are difficult this time, but here’s your chance to prove me wrong.

As always the answers are waaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaay down below – but NO cheating.

Enjoy and good luck!

Q. 1: What does the http:// in web URLs stand for?

Q. 2: What is the hood ornament on a Rolls Royce called?

Q. 3: Which former president of the United States, in his college days, worked as a male model, and even appeared on the cover of Cosmopolitan?

Q. 4: In what country would you find the strangely named lakes “Titicaca” and “Poopo”?

Q. 5: Sleeping through the winter is called “hibernation,” but what is the word that describes sleeping through hot and dry periods like summer?

Q. 6: Members of the band “ZZ Top” are famous for their beards, but what was the surname of the only member who hadn’t got one?

Q. 7: In 1918 the so-called “Spanish Flu” spread around the world killing tens of millions of people, but where did the outbreak start?

Q. 8: Who was the only U.S. president never to sign a bill into law?

Q. 9: On which continent are the 50 tallest mountains on Earth are all located? (This is easy if you think about it)

Q. 10: Which world famous company’s name means “three oceans” in Japanese because the company’s founder wanted to sell his wares across the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific oceans?

Q. 11: How old was Albert Einstein, a genius if ever there was one, when he learned how to drive?

Q. 12: What was the first ever registered domain name?

Q. 13: What city is America’s skyscraper capital?

Q. 14: Earlier this month the United States celebrated its birthday, but what is the only other country in the world to celebrate its birthday on July 4^th?

Q. 15: Who is O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois named after?

Q. 16: The citizens of which country eat more donuts per capita than any other?

Q. 17: What European country is the world’s leading exporter of false teeth?

Q. 18: At more than 3.3 million square miles, what is the name of the world’s largest hot desert?

Q. 19: We have all seen a Snellen Chart, but what is it?

Q. 20: Possibly some of you have said “!#@%” when faced with a difficult question in this test, but what is the name for symbols such as “!#@%” that are used to indicate swearing in comic strips?

ANSWERS

Q. 1: What does the http:// in web URLs stand for?

A. 1: The http:// in web URLs stands for “Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.”

Q. 2: What is the hood ornament on a Rolls Royce called?

A. 2: The Spirit of Ecstasy.

Q. 3: Which former president of the United States in his college days, worked as a male model, and even appeared on the cover of Cosmopolitan?

A. 3: Former president Gerald Ford wasn’t always gray-haired and paunchy — in his college days, he worked as a male model, and even appeared on the cover of Cosmopolitan.

Q. 4: In what country would you find the strangely named lakes “Titicaca” and “Poopo”?

A. 4: In Bolivia, South America.

Q. 5: Sleeping through the winter is called “hibernation,” but what is the word that describes sleeping through hot and dry periods like summer?

A. 5: Sleeping through hot and dry periods like summer is called “estivation.”

Q. 6: Members of the band “ZZ Top” are famous for their beards, but what was the surname of the only member who hadn’t got one?

A. 6: Ironically, the only member of ZZ Top without a beard has the last name Beard.

Q. 7: In 1918 the so-called “Spanish Flu” spread around the world killing tens of millions of people, but where did the outbreak start?

A. 7: The so-called “Spanish Flu” of 1918 started at a military camp in Kansas before spreading around the world and killing millions.

Q. 8: Who was the only U.S. president never to sign a bill into law?

A. 8: William Henry Harrison was the only U.S. president never to sign a bill into law — he died before having the opportunity.

Q. 9: On which continent are the 50 tallest mountains on Earth are all located? (This is easy if you think about it)

A. 9: Mount Everest, the tallest mountain on Earth is located in the Himalayas in Asia so since it has to be one of the 50 tallest mountains on Earth, they all have to be located in Asia.

Q. 10: Which world famous company’s name means “three oceans” in Japanese because the company’s founder wanted to sell his wares across the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific oceans?

A. 10: Sanyo means “three oceans” in Japanese.

Q. 11: How old was Albert Einstein, a genius if ever there was one, when he learned how to drive?

A. 11: Albert Einstein never learned how to drive.

Q. 12: What was the first ever registered domain name?

A. 12: The first registered domain name was symbolics.com. It was registered on March 15th, 1985.

Q. 13: What city is America’s skyscraper capital?

A. 13: Chicago is America’s skyscraper capital. The city has more 1,000-foot tall buildings than any other U.S. city.

Q. 14: Earlier this month the United States celebrated its birthday, but what is the only other country in the world to celebrate its birthday on July 4^th?

A. 14: The only other country in the world to celebrate the United States’ birthday, July 4th, is Denmark.

Q. 15: Who is O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois named after?

A. 15: O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois is named after Al Capone’s lawyer’s son, Lt. Cmdr. Butch O’Hare.

Q. 16: The citizens of which country eat more donuts per capita than any other?

A. 16: Canadians eat more donuts per capita than any other country.

Q. 17: What European country is the world’s leading exporter of false teeth?

A. 17: Liechtenstein is the world’s leading exporter of false teeth.

Q. 18: At more than 3.3 million square miles, what is the name of the world’s largest hot desert?

A. 18: At more than 3.3 million square miles, the Sahara Desert is as large as the world’s next 20 largest hot deserts combined.

Q. 19: We have all seen a Snellen Chart, but what is it?

A. 19: The eye test chart with the big ‘E’ on top is known as the Snellen Chart.

A. 20: Symbols such as “!#@%” that are used to indicate swearing in comic strips are called grawlix.

‘

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Wonderful Wednesday

August 15, 2012September 26, 2012 fasab Business, comedy, Computers, dogs, Factoids, Humour, Numbers, Pets, Politics, Uncategorized, Unusual andy warhol, angelina jolie, astronaut, barn, beard, beard second, big mac, Blogs, Comedy, dog, donkey, education, Entertainment, folk expression, funny, helen of troy, horse, hubble, Humor, Humour, internet, jake garn, jiffy, kim kardashian, measurement, mickey mouse, Misc, Miscellaneous, moment, Musings, nasa, nuclear physicists, outhouse, Random, richter scale, rictus scale, shake, shed, stoddard, the fonz, Thoughts, wil wheaton

“Fight Against Stupidity And Bureaucracy”

Did you ever wonder where some of the every day terms we use actually came from? Well, even if you haven’t, I have and I’ve put this post together to highlight some of the most interesting and unusual.

One of the most peculiar categories are units of measurement. For example, with regard to ‘time’ we often say things like “I’ll be back in a jiffy,” or, “Just a moment.”

Here’s the list.

Jiffy

Although used frequently by many people to denote a short but unspecified period of time, a jiffy is actually a real unit of time measurement. It is 0.10 seconds.

Shake

Another fairly commonly used term, again for an unspecified period of time, for example, “I’ll be with you in two shakes”, a shake is also a real specific measurement, namely, 10 nanoseconds.

Both Shakes and Jiffies are used for convenience in nuclear engineering and computing respectively.

Moment

How long is a moment? It is 90 seconds long.

Beard-second

A beard-second is a unit of length inspired by the light-year, but used for extremely short distances such as those in nuclear physics. The beard-second is defined as the length an average beard grows in one second, which apparently is exactly 100 angstroms (or 10 nanometers). However, the Google calculator uses the beard-second for unit conversions of the value of 5 nanometers. It would be splitting hairs to say who is right and who is wrong.

Barn, shed, outhouse

A barn is a serious unit of area used by nuclear physicists to quantify the scattering or absorption cross-section of very small particles, such as atomic nuclei.It is one of the very few units which are accepted to be used with SI units, and one of the most recent units to have been established. One barn is equal to 1.0×10⁻²⁸ m². The name derives from the folk expression “Couldn’t hit the broad side of a barn”, and is used by CERN-type particle accelerator physicists to refer to the difficulty of achieving a collision between particles.

An outhouse is 1.0×10⁻⁶ barns and a shed 1.0×10⁻²⁴ barns.

Barn-megaparsec

This unit is similar in concept to the attoparsec, combining very large and small scales. When a barn is multiplied by a megaparsec (Mpc) – a very large unit of length used for measuring the distances between galaxies – the result is a human-scaled unit of volume approximately equal to ²⁄₃ of a teaspoon (about 3 ml).

Hubble-barn

Similar to the Barn-megaparsec, the Hubble-barn uses the Barn mentioned above with Hubble Length, which is the length of the visible Universe as derived by using the Hubble Constant and the Speed of Light. This amounts to around 3.45 Gallons (13.1 L).

Donkeypower

Everyone is familiar with the term “horsepower” particular with regard to vehicle engines. Donkeypower is a facetious engineering unit is defined as 250 watts, or about a third of a horsepower.

Rictus Scale

Earthquake intensity is normally measured on the Richter scale. However, a guy named Tom Weller has suggested a humorous alternative, the Rictus scale, which is a measure of earyhquake intensity linked to later media coverage of the event.

Rictus Scale #1 (Richter Scale Equivalent 0-3) Media Coverage Small articles in local papers

Rictus Scale #2 (Richter Scale Equivalent 3-5) Media Coverage Lead story on local news; mentioned on network news

Rictus Scale #3 (Richter Scale Equivalent 5-6.5) Media Coverage Lead story on network news; wire-service photos appear in newspapers nationally; governor visits scene

Rictus Scale #4 (Richter Scale Equivalent 6.5-7.5) Media Coverage Network correspondents sent to scene; president visits area; commemorative T-shirts appear papers

Rictus Scale #5 (Richter Scale Equivalent 7.5+) Media Coverage Small Covers of weekly news magazines; network specials; “instant books” appear.

Helen

First used by author Isaac Asimov, Helen is now a measurement. It is named after Helen of Troy who apparently had a face so beautiful that a thousand ships were launched to rescue her.

Thus 1 Helen is equal to this number.

A face that could only launch one ship would therefore be a milliHelen.

A face that would sink ships would have a value of -1 milliHelen!

Helen of Troy: The face that launched a thousand ships

MegaFonzie

The MegaFonzie is a fictional unit of measurement of an object’s coolness.

It was invented by Professor Farnsworth in the Futurama episode, “Bender Should Not Be Allowed On TV”. A ‘Fonzie’ is about the amount of coolness inherent in the Happy Days character Fonzie.

Wheaton

The celebrity Wil Wheaton is a keen user of Twitter, and when he attained half a million followers this number was deemed to be ‘1 Wheaton’. As few Twitter users have millions of followers, the milliwheaton (500 followers) and microWheaton are more commonly used.

Mickey

A ‘Mickey’, named after Walt Disney’s Mickey Mouse, is the smallest computer mouse movement that a computer can detect, less than 0.1mm.

Nibble

Still with computers, a Nibble is half a Byte.

Garn

NASA is well acquainted with a problem called ‘space adaption syndrome’, more commonly called space sickness. It is the result of some astronauts finding it difficult to acclimatize to unusual gravities or pressures. One astronaut who was particularly prone to this type of sickness was named Jake Garn, who apparently vomited ‘explosively’ on an orbital flight. 1 Garn means a person as sick as Mr Garn was, with a corresponding scale for those less afflicted.

Warhol

A ‘Warhol’ is a unit of fame or hype, that is derived from Andy Warhol’s famous pronouncement that “everyone will be world-famous for fifteen minutes”. Thus

1 kilowarhol — famous for 15,000 minutes, or 10.42 days. A sort of metric “nine-day wonder”.

1 megawarhol — famous for 15 million minutes, or 28.5 years.

Andy Warhol's infamous Campbell Soup — Andy Warhol’s infamous Campbell Soup

Jolie

A ‘Jolie’ is unit that denotes the amount of international aid a country receives when it becomes the cause celebre of a prominent celebrity. In 2005, International Rescue Committee calculated that Darfur received $300 per capita in aid, while DRC received $11 per capita. Hence, a Jolie can be thought of as a 27x increase in aid receipt.

Kardashian

The ‘Kardashian’ is the amount of global attention Kim Kardashian commands across all media over the space of a day.

Horse

Horses are used to measure distances in horse racing – a horse length (shortened to merely a length when the context makes it obvious) equals roughly 8 feet or 2.4 metres. Shorter distances are measured in fractions of a horse length; also common are measurements of a full or fraction of a head, a neck, or a nose.

Nanocentury

A ‘Nanocentury’ is a unit of time measurement sometimes used in computing. The term is believed to have been coined by IBM in 1969 from the design objective “never to let the user wait more than a few nanocenturies for a response”.A nanocentury is approximately 3.155 seconds although Tom Duff is frequently cited as saying that, to within half a percent, a nanocentury is pi seconds.

Dog year

A ‘Dog Year’ is a unit of measurement equal to one seventh of a year, or approximately 52 days. It is primarily used to approximate the equivalent age of dogs and other animals with similar life spans. It is based upon a popular myth regarding the aging of dogs that states that a dog ages seven years in the time it takes a human to age one year. (In fact, the aging of a dog varies by breed; dogs also develop faster and have longer adulthoods relative to their total life span than humans.)

Stoddard

The Stoddard is a measurement used by political campaigns to determine the density of a canvassing area. It is measured in doors per acre.

Mac Index: purchasing power parity

The Economist’s ‘Big Mac Index’compares the purchasing power parity of countries in terms of the cost of a Big Mac hamburger.This was felt to bea good measure of the prices of a basket of commodities in the local economy including labour, rent, meat, bread, cardboard, advertising, lettuce, etc.

A similar system used in the UK is the ‘Mars Bar’ (US readers think ‘Milky Way’). Tables of prices in Mars Bars have intermittently appeared in newspapers over the last 20 years, usually to illustrate changes in wages or prices over time without the confusion caused by inflation.

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